SpectraSim Documentation
Parameter · 04 Material

Altitude

material.ambient.altitude_m Unit: m Step 04 · Material

The altitude above sea level at which the muffler operates. In altitude mode, the program computes the ambient pressure from the standard atmosphere at this altitude.

Last updated

Theory

In the standard atmosphere, pressure decreases with height along a polytropic profile: in the troposphere the temperature falls linearly by 6.5 K per km and the air is in hydrostatic equilibrium, which gives equation (1). At 1000 m the ambient pressure is about 89 900 Pa, at 2000 m about 79 500 Pa. The temperature profile of the standard atmosphere enters only through equation (1); the gas temperature of the case is Temperature.

The altitude changes the absolute reference pressure of the case, and with it the gas density (lower at altitude). The same mass flow therefore gives a higher velocity and a larger pressure drop.

Equations

patm=101 325(1−0.0065 h288.15)5.25578p_{atm} = 101\,325\left(1 - \frac{0.0065\,h}{288.15}\right)^{5.25578}
(1)
wheremeaningunit
patmp_{atm}Ambient pressurePa
hhAltitude (this setting)m

Default and rule

Default
0 m
Rule

0 m (101 325 Pa).

Source

The troposphere of the standard atmosphere (U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976); the exponent is gMa/(RL)g M_a/(R L) (see Ambient pressure: mode).

Valid range -500 to 11 000 m

Values

-500 to 11 000 m. Used only in altitude mode; in pressure mode Atmospheric pressure takes precedence.

Top of the troposphere

Equation (1) holds up to 11 km only; higher values are rejected.

References 1

  1. NOAA, NASA and USAF (1976). U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976. NOAA-S/T-76-1562, NASA-TM-X-74335. Web page